Unit+8


 * =The Vietnam War: =

**Government Spends Large Amount of Money On:**

 * 1. Social Security**
 * 2. Medicare**
 * 3. Medicaid**
 * 4. Department of Defense**

=John Fitzgerald Kennedy:=



**36th President of the U.S. - Lyndon B. Johnson**
- Promised to fulfill Kennedy's legacy - Strong character, insatiable, larger than life personality - Established Medicare, Medicaid - Made great gains for civil rights - Eventually cut the percentage of those who lived in poverty by 1/2 - Had A VERY ACTIVE ADMINISTRATION - Changing the role of the government again, his role is similar to that of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's, in the sense that he's encouraging the government to be more involved in the lives of the people - Helped end the Korean War, but got the United States involved in the Vietnam War shortly after - Domestically seen as a progressive, successful figure but in terms of foreign affairs seen as a failure (primarily because of the Vietnam War)



- Borders: China, Laos, and Cambodia - Contains many rivers - Partition line 1954 - home of many jungles, lots of humidity, moisture, and animals - North Vietnamese used the Ho Chi Minh Trail to invade southern Vietnam + aid the communist groups stationed there - U.S. + South Vietnam invade Cambodia (sort of a last chance, trying to win the war) - 1st time where the troops weren't treated well by the American people when they came home
 * Map p.849: Indochina**
 * -** long (vertically), narrow, lots of coast

== =**Vietnam War Timeline:**= Over the next few years Lyndon B. Johnson became president and made the decision to turn Vietnam into a complete American War the Tet Offensive
 * (not finished)**
 * 1954 =** Geneva Conference
 * 1955** = The Vietnam War officially begins, a war which is a part of the Cold War
 * 1959** = National Liberation Front (also known a Viet Cong) is created in Vietnam
 * 1963** = Diem assassinated witht he help of U.S. government (Kennedy Administration)
 * 1964** = Gulf of Tonkin Resolutions
 * 1966** = Over 4,000 Americans had already been killed in Vietnam
 * 1967 -1969** = inflation at home due to the U.S.'s commitment to the war
 * 1968** = crisis of the War in Vietnam + the racial situation at home
 * 1975** = War ends



**Different Opinions on what the Vietnam War was about:**
- About the U.S. containing communism, trying to keep it from spreading from North Vietnam to South Vietnam (containment + domino theory) - U.S. involvement in Vietnam was a direct result of Truman's Containment Doctrine - U.S. wanted to get involved in Vietnam as an act of imperialism + world power - U.S. humanitarian concerns for Vietnam; Everyone deserves rights, and we can help them gain those rights, so we should help them Idea behind this: Democracy, freedom...............................capitalism - ALWAYS BELIEVED: Are we helping people right for their freedoms? Yes.
 * -** Perhaps it was about the spread of communism, North Vietnam aided by communist forces, South Vietnam aided by anti-communist forces


 * Evaluation of the Vietnam War

- U.S. lost a great number of troops, spent + lost a lot of money, did not stop the spread of communism to South Vietnam, as a world power: U.S. power = diminished, domestically: Americans didn't want to intervene in the war, troops that came home weren't treated well (major social backlash against them), American culture: hippies protesting the war, general anti-war protest, anti-government protest


 * Evidence shows the war was: a __FAILURE__



=**Chapter 32: The Crisis of Authority**= - They didn't feel like they were able to do and say the things they wanted to peacefully (overal unsatisfied so they took action to change things)
 * -** ex: Students challenging their institutions + professors

- **What's being challenged?**
- male dominance, social traditions/roles, social norms, government's authority - music, sex, family dynamics, clothing, hairstyles - Americans protesting against Vietnam War + Military - Vietnam War = 1st televised war - President Nixon + the Watergate Scandal

=THe NEW Left:= - Younger generation of scholars wanting to change things in America for the better - Left = liberal; Rights = conservative - Challenged traditions, more rights, opportunities, equality - Common word associated with the left: **progressive**
 * - The wanted: more rights for women, African Americans, free speech**

=- What Comes to Mind When You Think About This Time Period: 1970s=

=**The Counter Culture:**=
 * **Any set of beliefs + ideas opposed to dominant beliefs + ideas (ultimately traditions) in society, social movements**




 * Lauren**: Those who disobeyed traditions + did what they wanted, took drugs and hung out in the streets. Popular in San Fransisco resented middle class society + traditions; sought to be isolated from the middle class society + their rules. Heavily influenced by music.

=Women's Stuff:=


 * **Feminism**: A set of beliefs that promotes equal rights for women. There seems to be more of a range with feminism, radical feminists being those who never marry or don't associate with men while regualr feminists (most modern feminists) usually just fight to further women's rights legally, socially, economically and politically.

Web def: A political, cultural or economic movement aimed at establishing equal rights and legal protection for women. A social theory or political movement supporting the equality of both sexes in all aspects of public and private life.

- You can make a parallel to this with: the civil rights movement




 * **Women's Liberation**: A series of campaigns on issues such as reproductive rights, domestic violence, maternity leave, equal pay, voting rights, sexual harassment, and sexual violence. The idea of having the independence + freedom that they want and deserve. Freedom to choose + be independent agents. Freedom from: male dominance at home, school, politics + government


 * **Roe v. Wade**: Right to **PRIVACY**. The case itself recieved a controversial decision by the United States Supreme Court in 1973, of which centered on the issue of abortion. The court ruled in favor of Roe, the justification being that she had the right to privacy under the 14th Amendment.



4/26/2011

=**Reaganomics**= His policy: (believed that by doing so he would help economic growth; help the big companies and they'll help the consumers)
 * Economic policies promoted by President Ronald Reagan during the 1980s (Supply-side economics); trickle down economics**
 * Reduce taxes - with special benefits to corporations + wealthy individuals, in order to encourage more investments
 * A dramatic cut in the federal budget - necessary because the tax cut would reduce government revenue
 * Deregulation - reducing the role of the government in American economic life
 * Controlling money supply to reduce inflation

Reagan: Republican, conservative, believed in laissez-faire
 * Also known as: The Great Communicator (helped define his presidency + gain public favor after the space shuttle Challenger disaster)
 * Not the most intelligent man, but a good leader

Reaganomics = boom in the 1980s, bust in the 1890s Conservative economics

Reagan **did not** win the Cold War, though many give him credit for it (the destruction of the Berlin Wall + the fall of the Soviet Union)

The Cold war was won over a number of years due to the leadership of the presidents and various policies that were approved.

Things to remember when writing essays:

 * Start with a general statement: introduce subject + timeframe
 * Understand the question + answer ALL parts
 * NEVER SAY "Document B says......." or "The graph shows....." (Not sophisticated writing)
 * ALWAYS WRITE A TITLE
 * Stay on topic
 * Don’t forget to add background info, but don’t get off track

Practice Exam - DBQ Question referencing:

1. Make a point about the 1920s 2. focus on social aspects of change "This sentiment was expressed through cartoons, such as "Close the Gate", published in the Chicago tribune in 1919."

- A cartoon from 1919 reflected America's growing desire to put restrictions on immigration, urging the government to "close the Gate".

- Social issues such as these were clearly expressed in works of writing such as the journal entry The Crisis, written by Bishop John Hurst. - According to economic graphs on consumer spending for recreation and consumer debt,....

- In a piece for The Crisis, Bishop John Hurst argued that... - Economic figures from the time show that while Americans were spending... they were doing so on credit... [doc C]